Introduction : Imperial overview / Robert Aldrich
The Ottoman Empire : a resilient polity / Nicholas Doumanis
Spain : the genealogy of modern colonialism / Josep Fradera
Portugal : empire-building in the old world and the new / Jill Dias
The Netherlands : a small country with imperial ambitions / Esther Captain, Guno Jones
Scandinavia : an outsider in European imperialism / Knud J. V. Jespersen
Britain : ruling the waves / Kirsten McKenzie
France : empire and the mère-patrie / Jacques Frémeaux
Russia : the two empires / Graeme Gill
Austria-Hungary : the making of Central Europe / Walter Sauer
Belgium : the single-colony empire / Jean-Luc Vellut
Germany : the latecomer / Joachim Zeller
Italy : the last empire / Irma Taddia
The United States : empire as a way of life? / Frank Schumacher.