A concise history of Poland

Piast Poland, ?-1385

Jagiellonian Poland, 1386-1572

The Commonwealth of the Two Nations, 1572-1795

Challenging the partitions, 1795-1864

An era of transformation, 1864-1914

Independence regained and lost, 1914-1945

Communism and the Cold War, 1945-1989

A new republic, 1989-

Genealogical charts of Polish rulers. The Piast dynasty ; the Jagiellonian dynasty ; Elective rulers of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ; Rulers of the partitioned Polish territories

List of heads of state, presidents, communist party leaders (1918-2018).