Introduction -- About this book -- Conventions used in this book -- What you're not to read -- Foolish assumptions -- How this book is organized -- Part 1: World of the cell -- Part 2: Molecules: the stuff of life -- Part 3: Working cell -- Part 4: Genetics: from one generation to the next -- Part 5: Molecular genetics: reading the book of life -- Part 6: Tools of molecular biology: harnessing the power of DNA -- Part 7: Part of tens -- Icons used in this book -- Where to go from here -- Part I: World Of The Cell -- Chapter 1: Exploring the world of the cell -- Cells and viruses: discovering the inhabitants of the microscopic world -- You: on the cellular level -- Them: bacteria and viruses -- Life of a cell: how cells get what they need to survive and reproduce -- Sexual reproduction: shuffling the genetic deck for the next generation -- DNA to protein: following the instructions in the genetic code -- DNA technology: tackling the world's problems -- Chapter 2: Take a tour inside the cell -- Admiring the unity and diversity of cells -- Finding common ground: structures in all cells -- Customs: plasma membrane -- Happenin' place: the cytoplasm -- Library: DNA-containing region -- Workbenches: ribosomes -- Your body, your cells: eukaryotic cells -- Home office: the nucleus -- Post office: the endomembrane system -- Fireplace: mitochondria -- In the kitchen: chloroplasts -- Scaffolding and railroad tracks: the cytoskeleton -- Rebar and concrete: cell walls and extracellular matrices -- Tiny but mighty: prokaryotic cells -- Castle walls: the cell wall -- Ooze, slime, and grappling hooks: capsules, pili, and fimbriae -- Outboard motors: bacterial flagella -- Chapter 3: Dead or alive: viruses -- Viruses: hijackers of the cellular world -- Just the basics: the structure of viruses -- Knock, knock, virus calling: how viruses get into cells -- War on a microcosmic scale: viruses of bacteria -- Seek and destroy: the lytic cycle -- I think I'll take a little nap: the lysogenic cycle -- I've got a cold: viruses of eurkaryotes -- Same story, different players -- Come in and take your coat off -- There's more than one way to copy a virus -- Leaving it all behind -- Putting it all together -- HIV and AIDS: viruses in the real world -- Part 2: Molecules: The Stuff Of Life -- Chapter 4: Better living through chemistry -- Life really matters -- It's elemental!: atoms that make up living things -- Exploring subatomic particles -- Defining elements -- Comparing isotopes -- Let's bond: how atoms are attracted to each other -- Feeling fulfilled by arranging your electrons just right -- Holding on: electronegativity -- Give and take: oxidation and reduction -- Opposites attract: ionic bonds -- Sharing is caring: covalent bonds -- Molecule by any other picture -- Don't hog the toys! Polar covalent bonds -- Molecular velcro: hydrogen bonds -- Molecular cliques: hydrophobic interactions -- Blue planet: the ocean inside your cells -- Splitting water -- Measuring pH -- Changing pH -- Maintaining pH -- Chain, chain, chain: building and breaking polymers -- Identifying the parts and the whole -- Getting together and breaking up again -- Chapter 5: Carbohydrates: how sweet they are -- CH2O: structure of carbohydrates -- Keeping it simple: monosaccharides -- Making it complex: polysaccharides -- Sticky and sweet: functions of carbohydrates -- Chapter 6: Proteins: workers in the cellular factory -- Get into shape: levels of protein structure -- Get in line: primary structure -- Long and winding road: secondary structure -- 3D: tertiary structure -- Sometimes one is not enough: quaternary structure -- Jack of all trades: the many functions of proteins -- Get "er done: enzymes make things happen -- Made for each other: enzymes and substrates -- Listening to others: inhibiting enzymes -- Gatekeepers: membrane proteins -- I'm in charge: DNA-binding proteins -- Chapter 7: DNA and RNA: instructions for life -- It's puzzling: structure of nucleic acids -- Navigating nucleotides -- Naming the nucleotide bases -- Recognizing nucleotides -- Making DNA and RNA -- Double helix of DNA -- Shaping up RNA molecules -- Breaking the code: the function of DNA and RNA -- Chapter 8: Lipids: waterproof and energy rich -- Hydrocarbons: structure of lipids -- Saturating fatty acids -- Forming fats and oils -- Looking at other types of lipids -- You say fat like it's a bad thing: functions of lipids -- Part 3: Working Cell -- Chapter 9: Hello, neighbor: how cells communicate -- Shipping and receiving: transport across membranes -- Getting past the bouncer -- Which way should I go? -- Crossing the border -- Going with the flow -- It's an uphill battle -- Chatting through cellular connections -- Shaking hands through cell-cell attachments -- Sticking together through thick and thin -- Jumping the cell-cell gap -- Sending and receiving signals -- Satellite dishes: receptors -- Relaying the message: signal transduction -- Amplifying the signal -- Calming down: deactivating the signal -- Chapter 10: Metabolism: transferring energy and matter -- Revving up you metabolism -- Stayin' alive: cellular work and the laws of thermodynamics -- First law of thermodynamics -- Second law of thermodynamics -- Going to work in the cellular factory -- One step at a time: metabolic pathways -- Taking baby steps during chemical reactions -- Helping hands from enzymes -- Giving and taking electrons in redox reactions -- Shuttling electrons with electron carriers -- Getting what you need at the cellular level --
Chapter 11: Cellular respiration: every breath you take
Cellular respiration: an overview
Transferring energy to ATP
Moving electrons to oxygen
Taking things one step at a time
Gimme a break: glycolysis
Fine print: the steps of glycolysis
Making ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation
Living by glycolysis alone: fermentation
Wheel of fire: Krebs cycle
Linking glycolysis and Krebs cycle
Fine print: the steps of the Krebs cycle
More is better: taking advantage of the Krebs cycle
Taking it to the bank: chemiosmosis and oxidative
Transferring electrons along an electron transport chain
Transferring energy from food to ATP
Steps of the chemiosmotic theory of oxidative phosphorylation
Doing the math: how many ATP can you make from the energy in a glucose molecule?
Breaking down complex carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Finding an on-ramp to the superhighway
Feeding complex carbohydrates into the system
It's a two-way street: connections between metabolic pathways
Reversing the flow of matter and energy
Cellular respiration in the real world
Chapter 12: Photosynthesis: makin' food in the kitchen of life
Photosynthesis: an overview
Examining the role of soil
Capturing the sun's energy with pigments
Yin and yang: the light reactions and the Calvin cycle
Shine on me: the light reactions
Transferring light energy to chemical energy
Steps of photophosphorylation
Circle of life: Calvin cycle
Steps of the Calvin cycle
Got food? Photosynthesis in the real world
Chapter 13: Splitsville: the cell cycle and cell division
Drifting apart: binary fission
Red light, green light: the cell cycle
Dance of the chromosome: mitosis
Breaking up is hard to do: cytokinesis
Part 5: Genetics: From One Generation To The Next
Chapter 14: Meiosis: getting ready for baby
Let's talk about sex, baby: reproduction
Going separate ways: meiosis
Shuffling the genetic deck: crossing over
Why two divisions are better than one
It was all a mistake: nondisjunction
Chapter 15: Mendelian genetics: talkin' 'bout the generations
Pass the peas, please: Mendel and segregation of single gene traits
Round pea meets wrinkled pea
Tracing a trait: pedigrees
I can go my own way: independent assortment
Round yellow pea meets wrinkled green pea
Puzzling over the punnett
Chapter 16: Expect the unexpected: non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance
It's news to Mendel: inheritance beyond simple dominance
Mixing it up: incomplete dominance
Sharing the power: codominance
Making an impact: pleiotropic genes
It's not that simple: polygenic traits
Almost inseparable: linked genes
Traveling together because of linkage
Slipping away through recombination
Building a map of a chromosome
Mama's boy: sex-linked inheritance
Explaining the differences
Part 5: Molecular Genetics: Reading The Book Of Life
Chapter 17: DNA synthesis: doubling your genetic stuff
DNA replication: an overview
Everybody lend a hand: enzymes involved in DNA replication
It takes a village: events at the replication fork
Start at the very beginning: origins of replication
Learning to unwind with helicase
Keeping it together: leading and lagging strands
Chapter 18: Transcription and translation: what's in a gene?
File it under genes: the blueprints for RNA and proteins
Make a copy, please: transcription
Finishing touches: RNA processing in eukaryotes
Making a protein: translation
Master craftsman: the ribosome
Don't drink and drive: mutation
Dealing with the consequences
Chapter 19: Control of gene expression: it's how you play your cards that counts
Controlling the situation: gene regulation and information flow
I can be flexible: gene expression in bacteria
Organizing bacterial genes
Game on: inducing the lac operon
Game over: repressing the lac operon
Advancing to the next level: catabolite repression of the lac operon
Master plan: gene expression in eukaryotes
Controlling transcription
Controlling events between transcription and translation
Controlling translation and beyond
Part 6: Tools Of Molecular Biology: Harnessing The Power Of DNA
Chapter 20: Recombinant DNA technology: power tools at the cellular level
Piecing it together: recombinant DNA technology
Cutting DNA with restriction enzymes
Sorting molecules using gel electrophoresis
Making cDNA with reverse transcriptase
Cloning genes into a library
Finding a gene with DNA probes
Reading a gene with DNA sequencing
Changing the plan: using molecular biology to solve problems
Making useful proteins through genetic engineering
Searching for disease genes
Building a "better" plant with genetic engineering
Fixing a broken gene with gene therapy
Chapter 21: Genomics: the big picture
I read the whole thing: sequencing genomes
Unleashing the power of genomics
Reading the book of life with shotgun sequencing
Looking within the human genome
We have a lot in common: comparative genomics
What's your function?: functional genomics
Looking for open reading frames
Comparing gene expression with DNA microarrays
Reaping the rewards: pharmacogenomics
I've got a system: systems biology
Chapter 22: Ten important rules for cells to live by
First law of thermodynamics
Second law of thermodynamics
Theory of evolution by natural selection
Law of conservation of matter
Nucleic acids pair in antiparallel strands
Protein shape is essential to their function
Law of independent assortment
Chapter 23: Ten ways to improve your grade
Keep your mind alive during lecture
Give your brain a well-round workout during study sessions
Get creative with memory tricks
Recognize the difference between levels of understanding
Remember the supporting material
Use your first test as a diagnostic tool
Get help sooner rather than later
