Surveys the life and legacy of the first Christian Roman emperor, describing the vision that inspired his religious conversion and subsequent conquest of the imperial capital, his founding of Constantinople, and his role in promoting a unified Christian Europe.

"Flavius Claudius Julianus, or Julian the Apostate, ruled Rome as sole emperor for just a year and a half, from 361 to 363, but during that time he turned the world upside down. Although a nephew of Constantine the Great, the first Christian emperor of Rome, Julian fought to return Rome to the old gods who had led his ancestors to build their vast empire. As emperor, Julian set about reforming the administration, conquering new territories, and reviving...

"The majority of Romans were a deeply religious people, though their religion took on forms most of us in the modern world would find unfamiliar. One of the most popular systems of belief among Roman as well as Greek thinkers was Stoicism. Although not strictly a religion Stoicism had many religious aspects including an understanding of the universe as a materialistic, yet continuous and living whole in which Stoics view both the gods and a supreme...